Aims:
To present data to demonstrate the effects of water loading on plasma electrolyte concentrations and urine output of water and electrolytes.

Objectives:
On completion of this section of the program you should be able to:

1. Demonstrate how the kidney tries to correct for the dilution of body fluids induced by water-loading.
2. Describe how the kidney electrolyte concentrations and urine output of water and electrolytes differ from control values when a subject is water-loaded.
3. Examine mechanisms for the correction by calculating GFR and fractional reabsorption of water and Na+.